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Behavioral Design Patterns  in Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) are concerned with how objects interact and communicate with each other. They define the flow of control and responsibility among different objects in a flexible way. By using these patterns, you can enhance the way your software components collaborate. In this guide, we will explore the following behavioral design patterns: Chain of Responsibility Command Interpreter Iterator Mediator Memento Observer State Strategy Template Method Visitor Each pattern is explained with a Kotlin example that can be tested using the  Kotlin Playground . Chain of Responsibility Pattern The  Chain of Responsibility pattern  allows multiple objects to handle a request, passing the request along a chain until one of the objects handles it. Example abstract class Handler { var next: Handler? = null fun setNext (handler: Handler ) : Handler { this .next = handler return handler } abstract...

Structural Design Patterns   in Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) focus on how classes and objects are composed to form larger structures. These patterns simplify the design by identifying how to realize relationships between entities, improving flexibility and reusability. In this guide, we will explore the following structural design patterns: Adapter Bridge Composite Decorator Facade Flyweight Proxy Each pattern is explained with a Kotlin example that can be tested using the  Kotlin Playground . Adapter Pattern The  Adapter pattern  allows incompatible interfaces to work together by converting the interface of a class into another interface the client expects. Example interface AmericanSocket { fun plugIn () : String } class AmericanAppliance : AmericanSocket { override fun plugIn () = "Plugged into American socket." } interface EuropeanSocket { fun powerOn () : String } class EuropeanAppliance : EuropeanSocket { override fun power...