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In today’s increasingly distributed and event-driven systems, effective communication between different components is crucial. Whether you’re building microservices, real-time applications, or even IoT systems, one of the most powerful patterns you can leverage for communication is   Pub/Sub   (Publish/Subscribe). What is Pub/Sub? Pub/Sub (Publish/Subscribe) is a messaging pattern used in software architecture to facilitate communication between different components in a system. In this model, a  publisher  sends messages to a  topic  without knowing who will receive them. On the other hand,  subscribers  express interest in a specific topic and receive messages that are published to it. Pub/Sub is widely used in distributed systems, microservices architectures, and event-driven programming. Pub/Sub Visualization Where Did Pub/Sub Originate? The Pub/Sub pattern has its roots in  publish-subscribe messaging systems  used in messaging midd...

In payment gateway systems, the transaction table often grows rapidly, leading to performance bottlenecks. One effective way to scale a transactional database is   sharding   — splitting the database into smaller, more manageable pieces based on a shard key. In this guide we will walk through the process of sharding an existing transaction table in PostgreSQL, explaining key considerations, risks, and two popular sharding approaches:   row-based   and   table-based . Key Considerations and Risks Before diving into the implementation of sharding, it’s important to understand the key considerations and risks associated with this approach: Considerations: Sharding Key : The selection of a shard key is crucial. A good shard key ensures even distribution of data, while also aligning with the most frequent query patterns. For payment transactions,  transaction_date  or  customer_id  can be used. Database Complexity : Sharding increases the complexi...

In the dynamic world of IT, successful project management and leadership are essential to deliver innovative solutions on time and within budget. However, many projects encounter setbacks due to common pitfalls like unclear objectives, poor communication, and resource mismanagement. In this article we will cover  10 key indicators  of poor project management and leadership in IT and provide actionable strategies to prevent these issues from derailing your projects. Key Indicators of Poor Project Management and Leadership in IT 1. Unclear Objectives Leading to Scope Creep Problem: Without clear and well-defined goals, IT projects risk growing beyond their original scope, consuming time and resources. Solution: Define SMART objectives at the start of the project. Regularly review project scope with stakeholders and document changes. Use change request processes to manage and approve modifications. 2. Fragmented Communication Problem: Miscommunication among team members, clients,...